Mechanical performance of concrete made with sewage sludge ash: A review (Part Ⅰ)

Abstract Sewage sludge is frequently stable and safe when used as construction materials since it bypasses several of the costly energy-intensive phases usage. This supported by numerous studies, particularly proportion sewage at ideal levels. The primary goal this article to demonstrate use in building materials. Novel properties such slump flow setting time well strength compressive strength, tensile flexural elastic modulus, impact energy, absorbed energy are main aspects studied review (Part Ⅰ). Part II describes physical chemical properties, durability, morphological structure ash. findings Ⅰ) indicate that concrete decreased with addition ash due its porous nature, but improved micro-filling voids pozzolanic activity, which binding cement paste. However, optimum substitution critical a greater deficiency flowability, boosted compaction leading more cavities. Different studies recommend different doses. typical range for dose 5–10% (by wt) cement.